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Abusive Head Trauma Takashi ARAKI 1 1Division of Traumatology, Department of Emergency, Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Prefectural Children's Medical Center Keyword: 急性硬膜下血腫 , 脳実質損傷 , 網膜出血 , 抗けいれん薬 , 高次脳機能障害 , acute subdural hematoma , traumatic brain injury , retinal hemorrhage , anti-convulsant , high-functional impairment , higher brain dysfunction pp.1011-1023
Published Date 2021/9/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1436204484
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 Abusive head trauma(AHT) is a leading cause of severe traumatic brain injury in children under 2 years old. Patients with AHT present with various clinical features, including acute subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and extensive hemispheric hypodensity, which has recently been reproduced in a basic experimental model. Despite multidisciplinary treatment, the outcome is poor, and neurological sequelae often remain. However, functional recovery seems possible with aggressive rehabilitation. The medical rationale for the diagnosis of AHT has a significant impact on the judicial decision-making process to determine evidence of child abuse, enabling collaboration with the police, prosecutors, and other investigative agencies, including lawyers. In Japan, infantile acute subdural hematoma(hematoma type Ⅰ)is a clinical form of hematoma that often occurs after 6-10 months, when the child is able to walk. It is accompanied by backward fall, sudden loss of consciousness, pallor, spastic paralysis of the extremities, and retinal hemorrhage. A nationwide survey of infant acute subdural hematoma due to minor injury is currently being planned, and it is hoped that this would be comprehensive in Japan. Medical personnel involved in neurosurgical emergencies have an important responsibility as a safety network for pediatric care and are expected to play a central role in the diagnosis of AHT through collaboration with many specialized departments.


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電子版ISSN 1882-1251 印刷版ISSN 0301-2603 医学書院

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