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Ⅰ.はじめに
硬膜動静脈瘻(dural arteriovenous fistula:dAVF)に対する脳血管内治療としては,経動脈的塞栓術(transarterial embolization:TAE),経静脈的塞栓術(transvenous embolization:TVE)がある.Multiple shunt, small shuntやtortuous feederを有するようなdAVFに対しては,TAEはfeeder occlusionに終わることが多く,根治性は低い9,10,12,14).このような症例や,retrograde leptomeningeal and cortical venous drainageを呈する症例では,TVEでshuntのすぐ下流をコイルで塞栓し,罹患静脈洞をsinus packingすることで,根治が得られる3,8,13).また,isolated sinusや,罹患静脈洞の近位部が閉塞しているような症例では,カテーテルによるアプローチが困難なことも多く,小開頭による罹患静脈洞直接穿刺(direct puncture)など,アプローチ方法を工夫する必要がある10).
今回われわれは,経大腿静脈アプローチでは罹患静脈洞への到達が困難であったため,indocyanine green(ICG)videoangiographyで上矢状静脈洞(superior sagittal sinus:SSS)を同定し,direct punctureすることで血管内治療を行った症例を経験したので,報告する.
We report a case of dural arteriovenous fistula at the left transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus(TS-dAVF), which was treated with transvenous embolization(TVE)by direct puncture of the superior sagittal sinus(SSS)under indocyanine green(ICG)fluoroscopic guidance. A 71-year-old woman presented with pulsatile tinnitus and progressive dementia. A left TS-dAVF with retrograde SSS and cortical venous reflux(Cognard type IIb)was demonstrated on cerebral angiography. The left internal jugular vein and distal portion of the right transverse sinus were occluded. We considered that TVE via the femoral vein would be difficult for complete cure. We performed trepanation of the frontal portion of the SSS. The SSS was directly punctured with an 18-G needle under ICG fluoroscopic guidance. We inserted a 4-Fr sheath into the SSS. A microcatheter was navigated into the affected sinus. Coils were placed through the microcatheter. The dAVF was completely diminished. No complications occurred. The patient's pulsatile tinnitus disappeared and dementia improved. Transvenous approach with direct puncture of the SSS under ICG fluoroscopic guidance was a useful approach for the treatment of dAVF when other approaches were difficult.
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