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Ⅰ.はじめに
神経血管圧迫症候群の代表的疾患である三叉神経痛は,superior cerebellar artery(SCA),anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA),posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA)あるいはsuperior petrosal vein(SPV)などの圧迫責任血管により三叉神経root entry zone(REZ)が圧迫され発症する4,5,9,17).そのため,根治的治療としてmicrovascular decompression(MVD)が広く施行され良好な治療成績が報告されている4,5,9,17).
三叉神経痛の画像診断には,magnetic resonance(MR)angiogramやMR cisternogramなどのMRIが使用される1-3,6-8,13-16).このなかで,3D time-of-flight,spoiled gradient-recalled(3D TOF SPGR)sequenceで撮像されたMR angiogramでは,血流によるinflow effectがMR信号強度に反映されるため,peak inflow velocityに関連した管腔内の血流情報が血管構造物として描出される10,12).今回,三叉神経痛症例において,neurovascular compression部位での3D MR angiogramを詳細に検討した結果,責任血管による圧迫部位や圧迫程度を画像評価するうえで有用な,新しい3D MR angiogram所見を得たので報告する.
Neurovascular compressive sites at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve were investigated in 25 patients with trigeminal neuralgia by using the fine three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiogram, obtained by a 3D time-of-flight, spoiled gradient-recalled sequence. The characteristic 3D MR angiographic findings of the offending vessels were obtained at the neurovascular compressive sites 19/23 (83%), including intermittent MR signal intensity within the vessels in 14/23 (61%), and unclear margin of the vessels in 5/23 (22%). Those abnormal 3D MR angiographic findings were commonly observed at the site of neurovascular compression in conjunction with moderate degree (gradeⅡ) and severe degree (gradeⅢ) in 19/20 (95%) of the actual nerve compression by the offending vessels. Abnormal findings with 3D MR angiograms may provide flow-related information to suggest a certain neurovascular compression upon the trigeminal nerve by the offending vessels. Those novel 3D MR angiographic findings may be useful for the diagnosis and decision-making process to execute the microvascular decompression surgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
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