ポリオ（急性灰白髓炎）

Poliomyelitis: Symposium on Fluorescent Antibody Technic and Viral Encephalomyelitiden

I．まえがき

　ポリオ（急性灰白髄炎）ウイルスは小さい方のウィルスで，電子顕微鏡による研究では，大きさは約30mμ，20面体の構造を持つているという^1）2）。従つて他のウイルスのようにポリオウイルスも細胞内で幾何学的な結晶性の配列を取る場合のあることは予想され1，2の報告もあるが，組織中に電子顕微鏡によつて索し出すことはかなり困難な仕事であると思う^3）。しかも，たとえウイルス性粒子を見出しても，電子顕微鏡のみでウイルスその物であることを決定するためには、フェリチン抗体法のような何か特異性のある方法を用いないと，いつも一抹の不安が残ることになる。

　しかし螢光抗体法によれば、当然ではあるが特異性があり，電子顕微鏡による検索に比較すると，手技も容易であると思う。従つて特異性について厳格な考慮を払えば，ポリオのような小さなウイルスに対しては，螢光抗体法は利用度が大きいように思われる。ただどれだけ少数のポリオウイルスを螢光抗体法で検出し得るかはなお問題となる点であろう。日沼によると螢光抗体法（補体法）によつて培養細胞内に検出し得るポリオウイルスの最少数はまだ不明であるという。

　Fluorescent antibody technic (FAT) was used todemonstrate the viral antigen in the tissues of monkeys and mice infected with polio virus.

　Two ml of Type I polio virus (Mahoney strain) suspension were administered orally to six and eleven of cynomolgus monkeys in concentration of 108^8.3 and 10^9.2 TCID₅₀/ml respectivelly. One tothree of the infected monkeys were sacrificed (except 2 died cases) and autopsied every day during1-11 days. They were also observed on clinicalsigns, viremia and viral cultivation in feces beforethe autopsy.

　The indirect FAT method was chosen for themonkeys. Anti polio serum was obtained fromrabbit immunized with polio virus cultured in HeLacells. Anti rabbit-r-globulin goat serum combinedwith fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as the labeled antibody.

　The direct method was used for mice. Virus ofType II MEF-1 strain was cultured in HeLa cells. Serum from rabbits immunized with this virus wascombined with the dye above mentioned. The experiments of intracranial and intraspinal inoculationin mice were referred to the monkeys experiments. Viremia in monkeys was positive in 7 out of 15cases. Virus recovery in nasopharyngeal swabwas positive in 11 out of 15 cases.

　The lymph nodes, the liver and the spleen weretested by FAT. The viral antigen were found inthese tissues and organs of the monkeys.

　These findings revealed viral propagation in reticuloendothelial system in these tissues and organs. Moreover viral antigen was discovered in endothelial cells of tubules of the monkey kidney bymeans of FAT.

　In central nervous system, the viral antigen wasfound by FAT in cytoplasma of motoneurons in lumbar spinal grey matter of monkey autopsied 11days after virus oral administration.