—COVID-19神経合併症（1）—脳炎・脳症

Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19: Meningoencephalitis and Encephalopathy

新型コロナウイルス感染症の世界的な感染拡大とともに，種々の神経症状が明らかになり，中枢神経合併症として脳炎，急性壊死性脳症，急性散在性脳脊髄炎が報告されている。これらの疾患の発症機序として，ウイルスの直接的な中枢神経侵襲，傍感染性神経障害，高サイトカイン血症に伴う全身性疾患としての神経障害も想定される。脳炎，急性壊死性脳症，急性散在性脳脊髄炎の臨床的特徴を解説するとともに各病態を考察する。

Abstract

Although COVID-19 is predominantly characterized by respiratory symptoms, various types of diseases such as cerebral infarction, thrombosis, encephalitis/encephalopathy, and autoimmune disorders have been reported to be associated with COVID-19. Possible mechanisms for neurological complications of COVID-19 are 1) direct invasion of the virus into the nervous system, 2) neurological symptoms of COVID-19 as a systemic disease, 3) parainfectious neurological complications, and 4) an accidental neurological disorder during a pandemic are assumed. In this paper, encephalitis and encephalopathy have been reviewed as neuronal complications of COVID-19, discussing these pathological conditions and whether SARS-CoV-2 targets the central nervous system.