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トゥレット症候群は,神経発達症群に含まれる。かつては心因性と考えられたが,その後,神経学的な基盤を有して,遺伝的要因に加えて環境因も複合的に関与することがわかってきた。具体的には,ドパミンをはじめとする神経伝達物質の関与,皮質-線条体-視床-皮質回路の異常などが示唆されている。薬物療法に加えて脳深部刺激療法など,トゥレット症候群の本態を明らかにしつつその改善を目指す治療が進められている。
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. TS was formerly considered to be a psychogenic disease; however, TS has recently been thought to be a heterogeneous disease with neurological bases and involving environmental and genetic factors. For example, it has been suggested that neurotransmitters including dopamine and cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits are suggested to be associated with TS pathogenesis. According to these recent evidence, in addition to pharmacotherapy as the standard treatment, deep brain stimulation is being applied for patients with treatment-refractory TS in clinical settings.
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