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Genetic Factors for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi 1 , Masahito Yamada 1 1Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging,Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Keyword: cerebral amyloid angiopathy , amyloid β protein , Alzheimer disease , gene pp.1275-1283
Published Date 2008/11/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100376
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Abstract

 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is cerebrovascular amyloid deposition and is related to stroke and dementia. CAA is classified into 6 types according to the biochemical properties of amyloid proteins,and among 6 types,the sporadic CAA of amyloid β protein (Aβ) type is most frequently found in elderly people or patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In sporadic CAA of the Aβ type,the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is associated with increased vascular Aβ deposition,while the ε2 allele is associated with CAA-related intracerebral hemorrhage. We have also reported that the genetic polymorphisms of presenilin-1,neprilysin,transforming growth factor β-1,and α1-antichymotrypsin are associated with CAA. In the case of hereditary CAA of the Aβ type,mutations in the genes of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins have been reported. Interestingly,the missense mutations associated with CAA are located in the middle portion of Aβ,while those associated with familial AD (FAD) are near the N- or C- terminals of Aβ. Individuals with FAD with APP duplication have been reported to present with severe CAA. Some of the FAD patients with mutations in the presenilin genes and patients with Down syndrome also show CAA as a complication. Besides sporadic or hereditary CAA of the Aβ type,hereditary CAA with cerebrovascular deposition of cystatin C,transthyretin,gelsolin,prion protein,and ABri/ADan have also been reported in association with mutations in the genes of the precursor proteins. Better understanding of the genetic factors influencing CAA will lead to identification of novel diagnostic markers and the development of preventive for CAA and CAA-related disorders.


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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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