雑誌文献を検索します。書籍を検索する際には「書籍検索」を選択してください。

検索

書誌情報 詳細検索 by 医中誌

Japanese

Roles of Glutamate Transporters in Astrocytes Kohichi Tanaka 1 1Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical & Dental University Keyword: glutamate transporter , spillover , astrocyte , excitotoxicity , development pp.677-688
Published Date 2007/7/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100094
  • Abstract
  • Look Inside
  • Reference

Abstract

 L-glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and has also been implicated as a potent neurotoxin. To ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio during synaptic transmission and to prevent neuronal damage that might occur as a result of excessive activation of glutamate receptors, the extracellular glutamate concentration is tightly controlled by glutamate transporters in the plasma membrane of neurons and the surrounding glial cells. Five subtypes of glutamate transporters have been identified and characterized by molecular cloning. Recent studies of glutamate transporters using the genetic knockout strategy indicate that glial, but not neuronal, glutamate transporters play critical roles in maintaining the extracellular glutamate concentrations and are thereby essential for both normal synaptic transmission and protection of neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Furthermore, we have recently demonstrated that glial glutamate transporters are necessary for brain development through regulation of extracellular glutamate concentration and mediate a functional metabolic crosstalk between neurons and astrocytes. Changes involving altered glutamate signaling are found in CNS disorders including depression, schizophrenia, and several neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the design of compounds capable of modulating glutamate uptake represents a novel strategy for the treatment of these CNS disorders.


Copyright © 2007, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

基本情報

電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

関連文献

もっと見る

文献を共有