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要約 背景:ワルデンシュトレーム・マクログロブリン血症(WM)は,骨髄浸潤と高IgM血症を伴う悪性リンパ球形質増殖性疾患である。発症頻度は100万人に3人程度であり,血中IgMの増加により過粘稠度症候群を合併し,眼症状をはじめとして全身にさまざまな症状をきたす。
症例報告:68歳,女性。視力低下を主訴に当科を受診し,両眼底の網膜血管の拡張・蛇行,ロート斑,黄斑浮腫と漿液性網膜剝離を認めた。初診時視力は,右(0.1),左(0.4)であった。WMに対して,血漿交換,化学療法が行われ,徐々に血中IgMは減少,正常化した。治療開始後,両眼の視力は改善傾向であったが,その後右眼は再度視力低下を認め,最終の矯正視力は,右0.07,左1.0であった。
結論:WMでは過粘稠度症候群による網膜病変が疾患を発見するきっかけになる可能性がある。早期治療が視力予後にも重要と考えられるため,過粘稠度症候群を疑う眼底所見を発見したら,早期に血液/腫瘍内科と連携して原因を精査するのが望ましい。
Abstract Background:Waldenström's macroglobulinemia(WM)is a rare malignant lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma characterized by bone marrow infiltration and high immunoglobulin M(IgM)levels. Its incidence is approximately three cases per million people. Elevated blood IgM levels can lead to hyperviscosity syndrome, resulting in various systemic symptoms, including ocular manifestations.
Case Report:A 68-year-old female presented with decreased vision, exhibiting retinal vascular dilation, tortuosity, Roth spots, macular edema, and serous retinal detachment in both eyes. The initial best corrected visual acuity was 0.1 in the right eye and 0.4 in the left. Plasmapheresis and chemotherapy for WM were administered, leading to a gradual decrease and normalization of IgM levels. While visual acuity initially improved in both eyes, the right eye later experienced a decline, with final corrected visual acuities of the right and left eyes of 0.07 and 1.0, respectively.
Conclusion:Retinal changes due to hyperviscosity syndrome may serve as the initial symptom leading to the diagnosis of WM. Early treatment is crucial for the visual prognosis, emphasizing the importance of promptly collaborating with hematologists/oncologists upon observing ocular findings indicative of hyperviscosity syndrome.
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