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単剤治療(MTE;86名)および服薬中止後経過観察中(DFE;23名)のてんかん患者を対象に,発作類型別に各種抗てんかん薬の脳波基礎活動に及ぼす影響について検討した。
全汎発作(GTC)にPhenobarbital(PB)投与(PB-GTC)では,DFE-GTC(DFEのGTC患者)に比してα1帯の有意な増加とα2帯の減少,部分発作(PS)にPB投与(PB-PS)では,DFE-PS(DFEのPS患者)に比してβ1帯の有意な増加とα2帯の減少を認めた。GTCにValproic acid(VPA)投与(VPA-GTC)では,δ帯の有意な増加を示したが,VPA-PSでは変化を認あなかった。PSにCarbamazepine(CBZ)投与(CBZ部PS)では,θ帯の有意な増加とα2帯の減少を示した。
以上,PS群では,第一次選択薬であるCBZが最も強い徐波化を,またGTC群でも効果があるとされるVPAが強い徐波化を示した。発作型により抗てんかん薬の脳波に及ぼす影響が異なるとともに,臨床効果と抗てんかん薬の脳波変化の間にdiscrepancyを認めた。
EEG background activity influenced by antiepi-leptic drugs (AED) was studied in 109 monotherapy and drug-free epileptic patients using t-StatisticalSignificance Probability Mappings (t-SPMs).
Patients taking phenobarbital (PB) had an incre-ase in alpha 1 and a decrease in alpha 2 activity incomparison with drug-free epileptics. Patients taking PB for generalized seizures with tonic-clonic convulsion only (GTC) also had a significant increase in alpha 1 and a decrease in alpha 2, whereas those with partial seizures (PS) had an increase in theta and beta 1 and a decrease in alpha 2 activity. Patients taking valproic acid (VPA) had a decrease in only beta 1 activity. Patients tak-ing VPA for GTC showed an increase in delta ac-tivity, but those with PS did not show any chan-ges. Patients taking carbamazepine (CBZ) for PS exhibited marked slowing with an increase in theta and alpha 1 and a decrease in alpha 2 activity.
These results mean that changes in EEG due to AEDs differ depending on the type of seizures. More interestingly, discrepancy between EEG ba-ckground activity and effects of AEDs was found : In PS type of seizures, the most effective CBZ ex-hibited striking slowing, PB was next, and VPA was last. In GTC, VPA resulted in greater slow-ing than PB.
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