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CLASSIFICATION OF CEREBRAL HERNIATION Wataru Shimojima 1 1Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine pp.577-586
Published Date 1970/5/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1406202725
  • Abstract
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Cerebral herniation refers to protrusion of a por tion of the brain across an intracranial septum (tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebri) or boney border (sphenoid ridge), or into the foramen magnum be-cause of increased intracranial pressure, which may be caused by a hematoma or tumor, or by cerebral swelling alone. Generalized cerebral swelling may be secondary to a jarring type of trauma, such as repeated blows or punches to the head.

It is also important to know which portion of theswollen brain has herniated.

(1) Cingulate gyrus herniation:

Protrusion to the opposite side of the cingulate gyrus beneath the lower edge of the falx cerebri.

(2) Orbital gyrus herniation:

This portion of the base of the frontal lobe, after filling the Sylvian fissure, extends over the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone into the middle cranial fossa.

(3) Anterior perforated substance herniation :

As the result of the cerebral swelling, in addition to a downward pressure on the brain stem, there may be herniation of the anterior perforated sub-stance and adjacent part of the olfactory tracts against the ridge of the sphenoid and edge of the tentorium. Pressure on the anterior and middle striate arteries and venous structures may result in a hemorrhagic necrosis corresponding to the distribu-tion of these vessels.

(4) Hippocampal herniation :

The uncus and hippocampus herniate beneath the edge of the tentorium cerebelli.

(5) Tonsillar herniation :

The cerebellar tonsils herniate into the foramen magnum after expanding into the cisterna magnum.


Copyright © 1970, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 2185-405X 印刷版ISSN 0006-8969 医学書院

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