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I.緒言
外傷性頭蓋内血腫の診断および手術方針の決定に脳血管写は,きわめて価値のある補助診断法である。これら頭蓋内血腫のうち硬膜外血腫はすべての頭部外傷の約3%に発生するといわれているが,この脳血管写上にextravasation様異常陰影が見られたという報告は最近欧米ではかなり増加してきたが,本邦ではその報告はまれである。
さて,extravasationとは溢血,溢出の意であり,血管写上では造影剤の血管外漏出像として認められる。血管写上にこの血管外漏出像が認められることは,少なくともその時点において血管にleakageがあり,出血しているものと考えられる。ところが実際の臨床例について検討してみると,受傷からの経過時問,血管写の撮影のtiming (たとえば動脈相、静脈相)による陰影の変化,陰影の形態などさまざまであり,必ずしも全例がextravasation,すなわち出血中と断定するには少々無理があるように思われる。また一方この陰影から動脈瘤あるいは動静脈瘻と診断するほどの根拠もない場合もある。すなわち,どのようなmechanismで出現したのか不明であるが,たしかに血管写上では異常陰影であり,造影剤の血管外漏出を思わせる像であるから,これらを総称してextravasation様陰影とした。
Although the cases in which the extravasation-like shadow was demonstrated on angiograms of the traumatic epidural hematoma are comparatively rare, they have been reported by ;Jamieson (1952), Lofst-rom et al. (1955), Vaughan (1959), Huber (1962), Leslie (1962), Cronqvist (1963), Wortzman (1963) and others.
In our country, Hirai et al. (1965) have made a report about it. In the last about six years from 1963 to April, 1968, 50 cases of traumatic epidural hematoma were admitted to our clinic. In 34 out of the whole cases the extravasation-like shadow was followed-up on their cerebral angiograms.
In 8 of there 34 cases (21. 6%) the extravasation-like shadow was evident, and in 5 (13. 5%) a finding highly suggestive of it was obtained.
Huber stated that there exists some relation bet-ween the interval from injury to cerebral angio-graphy and the appearance of the extravasation-like shadow and that the shorter the interval, the more it appears.
In 8 cases in which the extravasation-like shadow was demonstrated by us, however, the interval from injury to cerebral angiography ranged from the shortest 4 hrs to the longest 8 days, in 5 of which it was within 27 hrs. Moreover, it was found that this shadow appears in most cases at the arterial phase of cerebral angiography, and that it does so mostly near the crossing of a branch of the middle meningeal artery with a fracture line. Since the present shadow tends to appear frequently in cases of the epidural hematoma, it proves to be helpful in differentiating it from the acute subdural hema-toma.
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