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要旨 悪性腫瘍や免疫異常を有さない若年性非ヘルペス性急性脳炎11例(男性4例,女性7例,発症時平均年齢23.7±3.3歳)の臨床像を検討した。若年性非ヘルペス性脳炎の特徴として,来院時に痙攣と不随意運動を認め,髄液検査の血糖比は低値であり,MRI画像で異常はなく,脳波検査は徐波などの異常を認める症例が多かった。また,初発症状から退院までの期間は女性に長い傾向にあるものの,重篤な後遺症を呈する症例は少ないことが挙げられた。さらに,初期神経徴候に注目し精神症状・異常行動を呈した群(P群)と,突然の痙攣をきたした群(S群)の2つに分類して臨床像を検討した。その結果,髄液細胞数(p<0.05)と髄液リンパ球(p<0.01)は,P群がS群と比べ有意に多かった。初発症状から退院までの期間は,P群は213±227日,S群は98±85日であり有意差はなかったが,P群はS群とくらべ長い傾向にあった。以上から,精神症状や異常行動を初期神経徴候とする若年性非ヘルペス性急性脳炎は,遷延性の経過をたどるものが多いと考えられた。
We investigated clinical features of juvenile patients presenting non-herpetic viral acute encephalitis (4 men and 7 women, aged of onset ; 23.7±3.3 years) without malignancy and immunodeficiency. We divided the patients into two groups according to initial neurological symptoms : psychiatric symptoms mimicking schizophrenia (group P, n=5), seizure (group S, n=6), and compared clinical manifestations among the two groups. Symptoms frequently seen in initial phase of the illness were neck stiffness (4 cases, 36%), involuntary movement (7 cases, 64%) and convulsion (8 cases, 73%). There were no significant difference among the groups except seizure. Patients in group P had more CSF cells and CSF lymphocytes compared with other groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Abnormal intensities in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were found in 4 cases (36%). The term from the onset to leaving hospital of group P (213±227 days) was longer than that of group S (98±85 days), although it did not reach a significant difference.
These findings indicate that juvenile acute non-herpetic encephalitis initially presenting psychiatric symptoms was serious and had relatively poor prognosis.
(Received : October 19, 2004)
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