心理検査を用いた統合失調症の初期症状に関する研究―健常者との比較から

Identification of the Initial Symptoms of Schizophrenia by using Psychological Tests

抄録

　本研究では，心理テストを用いて統合失調症の初期症状の指標を明らかにすることを試みた。中安らが作成した「診断に有用な高頻度初期統合失調症症状」，ロールシャッハ・テスト，およびミネソタ多面的人格目録を用いて，統合失調症の初期症状が疑われた18名の患者と健常者18名を対象に，初期症状のサインを検討した。その結果，自生空想表象，聴覚性気づき亢進，漠とした被注察感，アンヘドニア，過度の対人緊張および被害関係念慮の症状と，ミネソタ多面的人格目録のF尺度および8個の臨床尺度が，ロールシャッハ・テストのFM，FK，Pの少なさ，mとcの多さ，D％の高さ，BRS得点の低さが，統合失調症の初期症状の指標になり得ることが示唆された。

　The purpose of the present study was to identify the initial symptoms of schizophrenia by using psychological tests. Useful high frequency symptoms for diagnosing early schizophrenia proposed by Nakayasu were evaluated and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) and Rorschach test were conducted for 18 patients with early stage schizophrenia and 18 healthy adults. Results of the early symptom rating form showed that patients with early schizophrenia and not healthy adults had symptoms of autochthonous fantasy, heightened auditory perception, vague feelings of being observed, anhedonia, excessive interpersonal strain, and persecutory ideation compared to healthy adults, early schizophrenia patients had higher scores of the F scale and on eight clinical scales on the MMPI. Further in the Rorschach test, patients showed low animal movement response (FM score), vista response(FK score), popular response(P score), and modified Basic Rorschach Score, and high inanimate movement response(m score), texture response(c score), and usual detail response(D score). Our findings suggest that these indices can be potentially used to identify the initial symptoms of schizophrenia.