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要旨●食道運動障害患者によくみられる嚥下困難感症状は,患者の生活の質に多大な影響を及ぼし,特に高齢者ではフレイルのみならず誤嚥性肺炎の要因にもなるため,その診断および治療が重要である.高解像度食道内圧検査(HRM)機器の開発と内視鏡的筋層切開術(POEM)を含む新規内視鏡治療手技の開発により,最近の20年でその診療は大きく進歩した.食道運動障害の中でも食道アカラシアは最も診断および治療法の進歩した疾患であり,現在,HRMで分類したサブタイプ別の治療方針が提案されている.一方,食道アカラシア以外の食道運動障害に対する治療法については,いまだ薬物治療を含めて定まったものがなく,今後解決すべき重要臨床課題である.
The diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia, a prevalent symptom in patients with esophageal motility disorders, is crucial because it significantly affects patients' quality of life and is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia as well as frailty, particularly in elderly patients. The development of high-resolution manometry and new endoscopic techniques, including per-oral endoscopic myotomy, have considerably improved the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal motility disorders over the past two decades. Esophageal achalasia is the most advanced form of esophageal motility disorder in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Treatment strategies are proposed for each subtype, which is classified using high-resolution esophageal manometry. Conversely, treatment of esophageal motility disorders other than esophageal achalasia, including drug therapy, remains unestablished, and this clinical issue must be addressed in the future.
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