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要旨●大腸ポリープ切除後の大腸癌死亡抑制や大腸浸潤癌の発生予防と腸管温存を目指して,2020年に日本消化器内視鏡学会により「大腸内視鏡スクリーニングとサーベイランスガイドライン」が作成された.初回大腸内視鏡検査における腺腫性病変を個数,最大径,病理組織診断により層別化し,サーベイランス間隔を規定している.鋸歯状病変(SSL)の取り扱いや2回目以降のサーベイランス方法,高齢者における中止基準についても今後の改定で策定されることが望まれる.また,見逃し癌や不完全切除による癌のリスクを減少させるために内視鏡技術の精度向上は重要であり,AIなどの最新技術の適切な使用方法やエビデンスの構築が期待されている.
The Japanese Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy developed “Colonoscopy Screening and Surveillance Guidelines” in 2020 to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer following polypectomy and prevent the occurrence of invasive colorectal cancer while preserving intestinal integrity. These guidelines categorize adenomatous lesions that have been identified during the initial colonoscopy, based on their number, maximum diameter, and histopathological diagnosis to set appropriate surveillance intervals. Future revisions in the guidelines will address the management of serrated lesions, methodology for surveillance following the second colonoscopy, and discontinuation criteria for elderly patients. Furthermore, improving the precision of endoscopic techniques is critical for lowering the risks associated with missed or incompletely resected cancers. Developing suitable application methods and evidence for using the latest technologies, including artificial intelligence, is anticipated.
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