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要旨●患者は60歳代,男性.白色光観察にて,切歯から30cm右壁に,発赤調の軟らかいSMT(submucosal tumor)様隆起を認めた.表面は平滑で光沢があり,最表層は非腫瘍性上皮と診断した.NBI拡大観察にて,JES-Type B血管は確認されず,EUSでは腫瘍は粘膜下層を主座とするhyperechoic lesionであった.深達度T1bの特殊型食道癌を疑い,頂部より生検を採取しNEC(neuroendocrine carcinoma)と診断された.CT,EUSにて明らかなリンパ節転移は認められず,T1b,N0,M0,Stage Iと診断した.標準的治療は食道亜全摘術であることを説明したが,本人の希望にてESD(endoscopic submucosal dissection)+CRT(chemoradiotherapy)が選択された.ESD標本の病理組織像では,表面は非腫瘍性上皮に覆われたSMT様構造で,腫瘍は粘膜固有層を主座とし,中央部で粘膜下層へ浸潤していた.強拡大像では,角化や腺管構造を伴わない小型の腫瘍細胞が密に増生しており,Ki-67 index 90%であった.またD2-40でリンパ管侵襲を認め,最終診断はneuroendocrine carcinoma,T1bSM2(2,000μm),ly1(D2-40),v0,HM0,VM0,0-I type,10×10mmであった.ESD後に再度造影CTを施行したところ,106recRの腫大を認め,T1N1M0,Stage IIと診断した.追加CRTを施行し,7年経過しCR(complete response)が継続している.上皮下発育を呈する食道病変の一つとして,食道神経内分泌細胞腫瘍が挙げられる.上皮直下まで腫瘍塊が圧排性に進展している拡大所見は特徴の一つであり,同部位を適格に生検することで確定診断をつけることができる.
A 60-year-old man was referred for detailed examination of esophageal SMT(submucosal tumor). A soft esophageal SMT was observed in the middle of the thoracic esophagus. It was approximately 10mm in size and appeared reddish. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic mass lesion in the submucosal layer. Based on the biopsy results of the material from the top of the SMT, the patient was diagnosed with NEC(neuroendocrine carcinoma). No lymph node metastases were observed in the CT(computed tomography)scan, and the lesion was diagnosed as NEC, T1b, N0, M0, stage I. ESD(endoscopic submucosal dissection)was performed based on the patient's wishes, and NBIME performed just before the ESD revealed avascular regions in the oral side of the SMT, indicating expansive tumor growth in the proper mucosal layer. The final diagnosis was NEC, T1b-SM2(2,000μm), ly1(D2-40), v0, HM0, VM0, 0-I type, 10×10mm. CT performed following ESD revealed lymph node swelling(No 106 recR) ; therefore, the NEC was diagnosed as T1b, N1, M0, stage II. As an additional therapy, chemoradiotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin and a total radiation dose of 60 Gy was initiated. Seven years following the ESD, the patient is alive without recurrence or metastasis. According to the comprehensive registry of the Japanese Esophageal Association, NEC accounts for only 0.6% of all esophageal neoplastic lesions. Therefore, this is a critical case of the typical and magnified endoscopic findings of superficial esophageal NEC.
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