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要旨●隆起型大腸T1(SM)癌の深達度診断における超音波内視鏡検査(EUS)診断のコツと限界について解説した.EUSは他の検査法とは異なり,病変の垂直断面像が得られることにより大腸癌のSM以深への浸潤像を直接観察できる検査法である.内視鏡検査と同時に施行可能な超音波細径プローブ検査が簡便であり推奨される.内視鏡であらかじめSM深部浸潤が疑わしい部位を中心にスキャンすることで,また隆起型病変では病変頂部や基部からの押し当てスキャンが有用である.病変高6mm以上の隆起型病変においては深部減衰により満足な深達度診断能が得られない場合も多く,低周波プローブ(12MHzまたは7.5MHz)の併用が有用である.内視鏡的摘除か外科手術かの治療法選択における深達度正診率は,隆起型,表面型共にT1b癌においてTis・T1a癌に比較して有意に高く,HFUPはT1b癌を疑う病変に有用である(共にp<0.05,χ2検定).隆起型においては,0-Ip・0-Isp型ではEUSの正診率は低く有用ではなかった(正診率65.3%でTis・T1a癌とT1b癌間で有意差なし,p=0.20).0-Is型においては,深達度正診率はT1b癌においてTis・T1a癌に比較して有意に高く(p=0.01,χ2検定),0-Is型の深部浸潤を疑う病変に対して有用である.
Here, we used EUS(endoscopic ultrasonography)for diagnosing the invasion depth of polypoid type early colorectal T1 carcinomas. EUS is a unique diagnostic modality that allows us to observe cross-sectional images of a lesion. Use of an ultrasound probe, HFUP(high-frequency ultrasound probe), is recommended rather than conventional EUS that can easily proceed during colonoscopy. The accuracy of invasion depth diagnosis will be improved with intensive scanning of the suspicious invasive portion of the lesion by colonoscopy. In cases of polypoid lesions that are 6mm or more in height, it is difficult to obtain good HFUP images of the deepest parts of the lesion because of deep attenuation. In such cases, pushing the probe against the top or base of the lesion and use of low frequency probes(12 or 7.5MHz)may help in obtaining satisfactory images.
In both polypoid, flat- and depressed-type early carcinomas, invasion depth diagnosis is used to determine the choice of therapy(i.e., endoscopic resection or surgery), and the depth of T1b carcinomas was significantly higher than Tis・T1a carcinomas(p<0.05). We believe that HFUP will be useful for diagnosing invasion depth, particularly in patients with T1b carcinomas. As for the polypoid type early carcinomas, HFUP is not useful for the diagnosis of invasion depth in Ip- and Isp-type carcinomas(accuracy rate ; 65.3%, no significant differences between Tis・T1a ca. and T1b ca.) ; however, the accuracy was significantly higher in T1b, than in Tis・T1a carcinomas(p<0.05). HFUP is useful for diagnosing the invasion depth of sessile type early colorectal carcinomas, particularly suspected for T1b carcinomas.
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