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要旨●胃の乳頭腺癌は管状腺癌に比べて生物学的悪性度が高く,浸潤に伴い低分化腺癌に移行するとの報告もある.両者の区別は臨床的に意義あることと考えられるが,従来の通常内視鏡検査では困難とされてきた.筆者らはNBI併用拡大内視鏡観察において,円形の腺窩辺縁上皮で囲まれた円形の窩間部上皮下の間質に血管が存在する特徴的な所見を“VEC(vessels within epithelial circle)pattern”と呼称し,乳頭腺癌に特徴的な所見であると報告した.福岡大学筑紫病院でESDを施行された395例を対象とし,VEC pattern陽性胃癌とVEC pattern陰性胃癌について,病理組織学的に比較検討した.組織学的な乳頭状構造の頻度は,VEC pattern陽性群において94.3%,VEC pattern陰性群で8.6%であった.NBI併用拡大内視鏡検査で捉えたVEC patternの存在は,組織学的乳頭状構造の存在と非常に強い相関を認めた(p<0.001).また,VEC pattern陽性群は陰性群より統計学的有意差を持って高頻度に未分化型癌を混在し(p=0.002),粘膜下層浸潤を認めた(p=0.045).以上の結果より,NBI併用拡大内視鏡検査を用いて病変内全体を観察し,VEC patternを優勢に認める場合は乳頭腺癌,VEC patternを認めなければ管状腺癌と診断する指標となりうると考えられた.また,VEC pattern陽性の胃癌については,未分化型癌の混在や粘膜下層に浸潤の可能性を念頭に置くべきである.
Pathological studies indicate that papillary adenocarcinomas are more aggressive than tubular adenocarcinomas, but a definitive diagnosis is not possible using conventional endoscopy alone. The VEC(vessels within epithelial circle)pattern visualized using ME-NBI(magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging)may be a characteristic feature of papillary adenocarcinoma. We investigated whether the VEC pattern is useful in the preoperative diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma and determined whether VEC-positive lesions are more malignant than VEC-negative lesions. Out of 395 consecutive early gastric cancers resected using the ESD method, we analyzed 35 VEC-positive lesions and 70 VEC-negative size- and macroscopic-type matched lesions. Histological papillary structure was observed in 94.3%(33/35)of the VEC-positive and 8.6%(6/70)of the VEC-negative lesions, and this difference was significant(p<0.001). The incidence of coexisting undifferentiated carcinoma was 22.9%(8/35)in the VEC-positive and 2.9%(2/70)in the VEC-negative cancers(p=0.002). Incidence of submucosal invasion by the carcinoma was 25.7%(9/35)and 10.0%(7/70), respectively(p=0.045). In conclusion, the VEC pattern visualized by ME-NBI is a promising preoperative diagnostic marker of papillary adenocarcinoma. Coexisting undifferentiated carcinoma and submucosal invasion were each observed in approximately one-fourth of VEC-positive cancers.
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