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要旨●食道表在癌に対して内視鏡切除術(endoscopic resection ; ER)をした207例を対象に,通常内視鏡観察による深達度診断の精度について検討した.深達度亜分類別の正診率は,T1a-EP/LPM:91.2%(125/137),T1a-MM:66.7%(30/45),T1b-SM1:61.5%(8/13),T1b-SM2:83.3%(10/12)であり,全体での正診率は83.6%であった.浅読み例で最も多かったのは内視鏡診断:T1a-EP/LPMで病理診断:T1a-MMの61.1%(11/18)であった.浅読み例における病理組織学的所見は,粘膜筋板の圧迫や微小浸潤,またT1a-SM1では200μmまでのわずかな浸潤,脈管侵襲,導管内浸潤などであった.一方,深読み例で最も多かったのは内視鏡診断:T1a-MMで病理診断:T1a-EP/LPMの13例:81.2%(13/16)であった.肉眼型は,8例(61.5%)が0-IIa,IIcの混合型であった.深達度診断に画像強調観察,拡大観察が重視されるなか,通常観察による深達度診断精度の維持,向上も今後の重要な課題と思われた.
We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of ordinary endoscopy to estimate the depth of invasion of superficial esophageal cancer in 207 patients who underwent ER(endoscopic resection). Rates of correct diagnostic classification according to depth of invasion were as follows : T1a-EP/LPM, 91.2%(125/137); T1a-MM, 66.7%(30/45); T1b-SM1, 61.5%(8/13); T1b-SM 2, 83%(10/12). This led to an overall correct diagnosis rate of 83.6%. Deep lesions were misdiagnosed as shallow most often when endoscopic diagnoses of T1a-EP/LPM were found by pathological examination to be T1a-MM, in 11 out of 18 cases(61%). The pathological findings refuting these diagnoses included pressure on or microinvasion of the lamina muscularis mucosae, very slight invasion up to 200μm in cases of T1a-SM1, vascular invasion and intraductal invasion.
Conversely, shallow lesions were misdiagnosed as deep most often when endoscopic diagnoses of T1a-MM were found by pathological examination to be T1a-EP/LPM in 13 out of 16 cases(81%). The most common factor in this type of misdiagnosis was 0-IIa and IIc mixed type, in seven(54%)cases. Given image enhancement and magnification are considered important in depth of invasion diagnoses, their role in supporting and improving the diagnostic accuracy of routine observations should be given serious attention going forward.
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