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除菌治療抵抗性胃MALTリンパ腫に対する二次治療は確立していない.低線量放射線療法は限局期胃MALTリンパ腫に対して有効であるが,放射線照射野外に遠隔再発したり,照射野内に胃癌が発生したりした症例を認めた.リツキシマブを加えたCHOP療法(ないし放射線療法との併用)は,病期の進んだ症例やdiffuse large B-cell lymphomaへ形質転化した場合に有効であった.一方,シクロホスファミドの少量持続投与は病期にかかわらず有用であるが,投与を中止することによって再発する場合があり,二次発癌の問題がある.手術療法は,出血や穿孔といった緊急時以外には推奨できない.watchingは,高齢者や重篤な合併症を有する患者に限るべきであろう.
Eradication therapy for H. pylori(Helicobacter pylori)is considered as the first line of therapy for gastric MALT lymphoma. However, in almost 20~30% of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma, eradication therapy proves ineffective. For patients with eradication therapy-resistant gastric MALT lymphoma, second line therapy is required. However, to date, a second line therapeutic strategy for treating patients with gastric MALT lymphoma has not been defined.
Low-dose(30Gy)radiation therapy is suggested as a potential method of second line therapy for localized gastric MALT lymphoma. However, intense systemic follow-up and surveillance for distant involvement or appearance of secondary malignancy in the field of radiation is needed. Chemotherapy(or chemoradiation therapy)with CHOP regimens, including rituximab, is useful in patients with extensive MALT lymphoma and in those with transformation into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In contrast, single-agent chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide is effective for localized gastric MALT lymphoma. Earlier suspension of therapy in localized gastric MALT lymphoma may result in relapse and occurrence of secondary malignancy.
Surgical intervention is required when complications such as perforation and uncontrolled bleeding are recognized. Follow-up is not usually recommended for patients with eradication therapy-resistant gastric MALT lymphoma, except for elderly patients and patients with other severe diseases, because MALT lymphoma is believed to have a gradual onset.
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