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要旨 近年,逆流性食道炎(RE)およびBarrett食道は増加しているが,LSBE(long segment Barrett esophagus)およびBarrett食道からの腺癌の発生はまれである.加齢に伴うRE重症化因子として,下部食道括約部(LES)の機能低下,食道裂孔ヘルニアの合併,食道の蠕動運動の低下などがある.高齢者ではLES圧を低下させる薬剤の服用により,さらに女性は閉経後の骨粗鬆症により,REの増悪を来しやすい.プロトンポンプ阻害薬(PPI)による長期加療が必要となることが多いが,PPI長期服用による骨折などの副作用に注意する必要がある.また食道胃接合部およびBarrett食道の定義が欧米と本邦で異なるが,発癌ハイリスク因子としての特殊円柱上皮(SCE)の診断に,NBI(narrow band imaging)拡大内視鏡が有用である.
The prevalence of RE(reflux esophagitis)and Barrett esophagus has increased, however, the prevalence of LSBE(long segment Barrett esophagus)and Barrett adenocarcinoma is still low in Japan. The age-related risk factors for development of serious RE are deterioration of the LES(lower esophageal sphincter)function, complication of hiatal hernia, and decrease in peristalsis of the esophagus etc. Taking medicine inducing decrease of LES pressure in elderly patients and postmenopausal osteoporosis cause exacerbation of RE, and long-term maintenance therapy with PPIs(proton pump inhibitors)is often required in elderly patients with RE. However, epidemiology studies suggest a possible increased risk of bone fractures with the long-term use of PPIs. Although the definitions of Barrett esophagus and esophagogastric junction in Japan are different from those in Western countries, magnified endoscopy with NBI(narrow band imaging)seems to be useful for detecting SIM(specialized intestinal metaplasia), which is at high risk of progressing to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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