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胃に認められる悪性リンパ腫は,胃に原発する場合の他に,全身に拡がった悪性リンパ腫症の一つの局所変化として胃に発生する揚合もある.また胃原発の悪性リンパ腫が,他臓器に転移したり,全身性の悪性リンパ腫症に発展する場合もある.それゆえ胃に認められた悪性リンパ腫が原発性か否かにっいて臨床的に判定する事が必要である.悪性リンパ腫の中には放射線治療や化学療法によく反応するものが多く,胃に認められる悪性リンパ腫も同様であり,この点は胃癌の場合と異っている.本症の治療に当っては胃のみならず,他臓器,特にリンパ節への病変の拡がりの程度に基づいて,胃切除の適応を決定しなければならず,また術前もしくは術後の放射線および化学療法の併用を考慮せねばならない.従って胃の悪性リンパ腫を臨床的に診断する事は,正しい治療方針を確立するための前提である.従来より,胃の悪性リンパ腫と胃癌との鑑別は臨床的にはむずかしく,胃切除後,組織学的にはじめて診断が明らかにされることが多かった.しかしX線,内視鏡検査および直視下胃生検法の進歩と共に,胃の悪性リンパ腫の臨床的診断が,従来よりも容易になってきた.
以下,虎の門病院における胃悪性リンパ腫の臨床診断の現状を述べ,内視鏡および生検による診断上の問題点を考察したい.また全身に拡がった悪性リンパ腫症の胃病変に対して,胃切除を行なわず,化学療法により著しく軽快した症例の経過を述べ,胃の悪性リンパ腫の治療上の問題についても検討したい.
The present status of clinical diagnosis in Toranomon Hospital for gastric malignant lymphoma is discussed together with some diagnostic problems in endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy. Our conclusion is follows:
1. When its characteristics are duly taken into account, some cases of gastric malignant lymphoma can be diagnosed by endoscopy, but quite a number of it are so hard to distinguish from gastric cancer that there is a limit to endoscopic diagnosis. Of 11 cases of malignant lymphoma, we arrived at accurate diagnosis in only 5 cases at the initial FGS examination.
2. Diagnosis of malignant lymphoma by endoscopic biopsy harbors some technical difficulties as compared with that of gastric carcer. Histologic diagnosis is also a little more difficult. However, as it is clinically a very effective diagnostic method, it would surely become a definite procedure in the diagnosis of this malignant neoplasm, according as we gain experiences in the histologic diagnosis of biopsied materials and according as our diagnostic ability improves. At present, our gastric biopsy in nine cases of malignant lymphoma resulted in accurate diagnosis in six and tentative one in two.
3. Although of rare occurrence, this neoplasm should always be borne in mind at every endoscopy of the stomach. Whenever suspicion arises, one should positively employ gastric biopsy. Results of clinical diagnosis would surely be improved then.
4. Because not a few cases may respond favorably to radiation or chemotherapy, clinical diagnosis becomes essential in launching principles of therapy including surgical correction. A case of malignant lymphoma is also described in which the gastric lesion was gone after radiation and chemotherapy.
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