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われわれは,最近Polyarteritis nodosaの血管性変化により,腸管の壊死・穿孔を来した症例を経験したので,若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する.
症例
患 者:60歳 女
主 訴:腹痛
家族歴:特記すべき事項なし.
既往歴:52歳の時,両側鼠蹊ヘルニアの手術を受けたが,術後,再発したまま放置していた.またその頃より高血圧症の治療を受けている.1974年1月頃より,両上下肢痛のため,某医で多発性神経炎として約2カ月間ステロイド剤(プレドニゾロンにして約600mg)の投与を受け,とう痛は軽減し,ときに訴える程度となったが,皮膚の硬結・発赤などの異常には気づいていない.
現病歴:1974年8月25日,誘因と考えられるものなく軽度の発熱を伴った下腹部痛を来し,某医により鎮痙剤の投与を受けたが治癒せず,8月27日,外科的疾患として当科に紹介された.
入院時所見:顔貌は苦悶,浮腫様.体温38℃.眼球結膜には黄疸なく,眼瞼結膜には軽度の貧血を認める.頸部リンパ節は触知せず.全身の皮膚は光沢なく,硬結・発赤などの異常は見られず.また胸部所見でも異常を認めず,下腹部の自発痛は消失し,び漫性の圧痛はある,腸雑音は減弱しているが,筋性防禦やブルンベルグなどの腹膜刺激症状はなし.直腸内指診は異常なし.
検査成績:心電図(Fig. 1)は,軽度の冠不全を認めるが,特に異常なし.腹部立位単純レ線所見(Fig. 2)では,腸管麻痺を思わせる小腸内ガスうっ滞像をみる.血液検査では白血球増多(17,800/mm3)あり.尿・糞便検査では特に異常なし(Table 1).
以上の所見より腹膜炎を考えたが,原因が全く不明であるので経過観察・保存的加療を行うことにした.
入院後経過:腹痛は徐々に増強し,腹部全体に訴えるようになり,白血球増多(18,000/mm3),37℃前後の微熱が続いた.8月30目,突然腹部激痛とともに嘔吐を来し,筋性防禦など汎発性腹膜炎の症状を呈したため,緊急開腹手術を行なった.
A fatal case of jejunal perforation due to polyarteritis nodosa is described.
The patient, a 60 years old female, was admitted in our hospital because of abdominal pain. She had complained of pain of extremities without redness or induration of the skin, but it was improved by predonisolone therapy 8 months before admission.
Abdominal pain and fever (38℃) were complained of a couple of days before admission. By physical examination weakness of bowel sound, and by laboratory examination, leucocytosis (17,800/mm3) were revealed, but there were no signs of acute peritonitis at the time of admission.
On the 3rd hospital day, as sign of acute peritonitis with severe abdominal pain increased, emergency laparotomy was performed. Necrotic segments of 10~15 length and dark reddish multiple spots, resembling blunt injury, were observed, here and there in the small intestine. Two perforations were found in the jejunum about 150 cm anal side of the duodenojejunal flexure.
Resection of the injured intestine (about 150 cm) with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. But the patient died from circulatory insufficiency on the next day. Pathological diagnosis was necrosis of the small intestine caused by polyarteritis nodosa.
Abdominal symptom is one of the most common symptoms in polyarteritis nodosa, but laparotomy cases are very rare.
If it is diagnosed before operation and relieved by steroid therapy, the prognosis is favorable, while if is diagnosed only after operation, such as our case, the prognosis is poor.
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