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目的 本研究の目的は、手術室における器械出し看護師の行動特性について、新人看護師とエキスパート看護師を比較することである。両者の特徴を明らかにし、新人看護師への教育的支援に活用できる示唆を得ることを目指す。
方法 対象は、新人看護師とエキスパート看護師それぞれ5名で、器械出し看護の場面を録画し、1秒ごとの行動単位で分析した。さらに器械出し看護師の行動をカテゴリー分類し、それぞれの行動を比較した。
結果 器械出し看護師の行動のカテゴリーは30項目に分類された。対象者10名の行動時間の中央値は、新人看護師は1398秒、エキスパート看護師は1380秒であった。行動の比較ではエキスパート看護師には器械を拭く行動が長く、新人看護師には何度も器械台を見る、器械を触る・探す・外回り看護師に聞く行動が長くみられた。
考察 新人看護師に長くみられる行動は、経験により減少し、エキスパート看護師に特徴的な器械を拭くなどの暗黙知的行動へ移行する。これらは教育で活用できる到達目標となり、段階的支援や教育プログラム構築の基礎となる。
Objectives By comparing the behavioral characteristics of scrub nurses in the operating room between advanced beginners and expert nurses, the present study aims to identify the characteristics of both groups and to obtain suggestions for providing educational support to advanced beginner nurses.
Methods Five advanced beginners and five expert nurses participated in the study. Scrub nursing scenarios were recorded and analyzed in units of behavior per second. The number of behaviors performed by the participants was calculated, and the behaviors were categorized for comparison with those of advanced beginners and expert nurses.
Results Scrub nurses’ behaviors were classified into 30 categories. The median total behavioral duration time of the 10 participants was 1,398 seconds for advanced beginners and 1,380 seconds for expert nurses. A comparison of the behaviors showed that expert nurses wiped instruments more frequently, while advanced beginners looked at the instrument table repeatedly, touched or looked for instruments, and asked the supervising nurses.
Considerations Behaviors that are frequently observed in advanced beginners diminish with experience, transitioning to tacit knowledge-based behaviors, such as wiping instruments, that are characteristic of expert nurses. These behaviors represent attainable goals in education and form the basis for stepwise support and the development of educational programs.
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