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要約 目的:同一施設の症例でミエリンオリゴデンドロサイトグリコプロテイン(MOG)抗体陽性視神経炎とアクアポリン4(AQP4)抗体・MOG抗体陰性視神経炎の再発率を検討する。
対象と方法:2019年3月〜2024年1月に宮崎大学医学部附属病院で急性視神経炎と診断され,AQP4抗体,MOG抗体を測定後,ステロイドパルス療法を1クール以上行い,6か月以上経過観察が可能であった39例(男性14例,女性25例),48眼を対象とした。視神経炎の病型は2群に分類し,MOG抗体が陽性のものをMOG群,AQP4抗体・MOG抗体がともに陰性のものを抗体陰性群として後ろ向きに再発率を検討した。
結果:発症時の矯正視力(logMAR)はMOG群で1.18±0.96,抗体陰性群で1.61±1.09と有意差はなかった。最終観察時矯正視力(logMAR)はそれぞれ0.21±1.01,−0.04±0.20と有意差はなかった。再発率はMOG群では19例中7例(36.8%),抗体陰性群では20例中1例(5.0%)と,MOG群で統計学的に有意に高かった。
結論:MOG抗体陽性視神経炎は,他の非感染性の視神経炎と比較して再発率が有意に高かった。再発回数が多いことが視力予後不良につながる可能性がある。
Abstract Purpose:To examine the recurrence rates of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG) antibody-positive optic neuritis and aquaporin-4(AQP4) and MOG antibody-negative optic neuritis in patients from the same institution.
Subjects and methods:Thirty-nine patients(14 males and 25 females), 48 eyes, diagnosed with acute optic neuritis at the University of Miyazaki Hospital between March 2019 and January 2024, who were followed up for at least 6 months after undergoing at least one course of steroid pulse therapy after measurement of AQP4 and MOG antibodies, were included. Optic neuritis was classified into two groups:those positive for MOG antibodies were classified as the MOG group, and those negative for both AQP4 and MOG antibodies were classified as the antibody-negative group. The recurrence rate was retrospectively evaluated.
Results:Visual acuity(logMAR) at onset was 1.18±0.96 and 1.61±1.09 in the MOG and antibody-negative groups, respectively, with no significant difference. Final visual acuity(logMAR) was 0.21±1.01 and −0.04±0.20, respectively, with no significant difference. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the MOG group:7 of 19 patients(36.8%) in the MOG group and 1 of 20 patients(5.0%) in the antibody-negative group.
Conclusion:MOG antibody-positive optic neuritis exhibits a significantly higher recurrence rate than non-infectious optic neuritis. A high frequency of relapses may be associated with poor visual prognosis.

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