作業療法士は児童虐待とどのように向き合うべきか？—スコーピングレビューから見る現状と課題

Occupational therapists and child maltreatment: Current situation and issues from a scoping review

要旨：児童虐待は，子どもの健康や幸福に悪影響を与え，長期的な身体的・精神的問題のリスクを高めるとされており，虐待の早期発見，家族支援，多職種連携が重要視されている．本研究では，OT領域の児童虐待に係る先行研究を体系的に整理し，今後の研究における優先課題を明らかにすることを目的として，スコーピングレビューを実施した．305件の論文をスクリーニングし，19件を対象に分析した結果，記述的研究が多数を占め，具体的な介入方法や多職種間の効果的な協力に係る仮説検証研究や介入・応用研究が不足していることが明らかとなった．今後，臨床現場での介入の実効性を検証し，具体的な介入モデルを確立するための研究が必要である．

　Child maltreatment has been shown to negatively impact children's health and well-being and increase the risk of long-term physical and mental health problems. Therefore, early detection of maltreatment, family support, and multidisciplinary collaboration are important. In this study, a scoping review was conducted to systematically organize previous studies on child maltreatment in Occupational Therapy and prioritize issues for future research. 305 articles were screened, and 19 articles were analyzed, with the majority being descriptive studies, which were hypothesis testing studies related to specific intervention methods and effective collaboration between multiple professions. The results revealed that descriptive studies were predominant, while hypothesis-testing studies, intervention studies, and applied studies on specific intervention methods and effective collaboration among multiple professions were lacking. Further research is needed to verify the effectiveness of interventions in clinical settings and to establish specific intervention models.