訪問看護業務における看護師のICT機器活用意向に及ぼす影響—技術受容モデルを用いたパス解析による仮説検証

Factors Affecting Nurses' Willingness to Use Information and Communication Technology Devices in Home Healthcare Nursing Tasks: Hypothesis Testing With Path Analysis Using a Technology Acceptance Model

要旨

　目的：技術受容モデル（Technology Acceptance Model，以下TAM）に依拠し，訪問看護業務におけるICT活用意向への影響要因を明らかにする．

　方法：訪問看護ステーション1,000箇所に調査依頼し，ICT機器活用の実際，ICT機器とネット接続環境充足への認識，TAMに関する調査内容，ICTスキル，コンピュータ不安などについてWEB調査を行った．分析は2業務（日々の訪問看護記録の作成，他機関との利用者情報の共有）において，構造方程式モデリングを用いたパス解析を行い，適合度を検証した．

　結果：回答入力があった看護師146名を分析した．2業務ともに，コンピュータ不安が使いやすさと有用性に，使いやすさは有用性に，有用性は態度と活用意向に，態度は活用意向に影響を与えるモデルとなり，良好な適合度が得られた．

　結論：ICT活用の推進には，看護師への有用性への働きかけと，ICT機器とネット接続環境充足への支援，コンピュータ不安を取り除く教育機会を整えることが重要である．

　Objective: To identify the factors affecting the willingness to use information and communication technology(ICT) in home healthcare nursing tasks using a technology acceptance model(TAM).

　Methods: We requested 1,000 home healthcare nursing stations to participate in a web-based survey on the current use of ICT devices, awareness of the need to improve the network connection environment for ICT devices and facilities, survey items on TAM, ICT skills, and anxiety toward computer use. Path analysis using structural equation modeling was conducted for two tasks—preparation of daily home healthcare nursing records and sharing of user information with other institutions—to test the goodness of fit.

　Results: The responses obtained from 146 nurses were analyzed. The models developed showed the following association for both tasks: 1)Anxiety toward computer use affected the usability and usefulness of ICT. 2)Usability affected the usefulness. 3)Usefulness affected the attitudes and willingness to use ICT. 4)Attitudes affected the willingness to use. Additionally, a good fit was obtained.

　Conclusion: To encourage ICT use, it is important to promote the usefulness of ICT to nurses, provide support to improve the connection and ICT devices, and arrange educational opportunities to relieve anxiety toward computer use.