精神科入院患者から暴力行為を受けた看護師の体験―感情と感情に影響を与える要因

Experiences of Nurses Suffering Physical Violence from Psychiatric Inpatients：Feelings and Relevant Factors

要旨

　本研究は，精神科入院患者から暴力行為を受けた看護師の感情と，その感情に影響を及ぼす要因について明らかにすることを目的とした．精神科入院患者から5年以内に暴力行為を受けた経験のある看護師14名を対象に，半構成的面接を実施し質的帰納的に分析を行った．

　分析の結果，暴力行為を受けた対象者の感情として【暴力行為によって生じた情緒的反応】，【自己概念をゆるがす感情】，【患者と関わることへの戸惑い】，感情に影響を及ぼす要因として【暴力行為の解釈】，【看護師としての職業意識】，【体験を分かち合うことの困難さ】，【支えになった同僚の存在】，暴力行為を受けた体験を通して【患者との関係修復】，【暴力行為を受けた体験からの学び】，という9つのカテゴリーを抽出した．これらにより示唆として，同僚や上司が暴力行為を受けた看護師を理解しようとする姿勢の重要性，暴力行為に対する組織的体制の確立が挙げられた．

Abstract

　This study was designed to clarify the feelings of nurses with experiences of physical violence from psychiatric inpatients, and to elucidate the factors that influenced the feelings. The subjects of this study were 14 nurses who had suffered physical violence from psychiatric inpatients within the last 5 years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on these subjects, and qualitative inductive analysis was performed.

　The results of the analysis were of nine categories. The first 3 categories relate to the feelings of the victimized nurses and they are as follows: [emotional reaction caused by physical violence], [shaking of confidence in self-image] and [repairing the relationship with patients]. The next 4 categories belong to the factors that influenced these feelings are as follows: [interpretation of physical violence], [professional awareness as a nurse], [difficulty in sharing the experience] and [presence of colleagues who helped]. The final 3 categories concern the experiences of physical violence and as follows: [confusion in dealing with patients] and [lessons learn from the experience of physical violence].

　These results of this study suggest the importance of the nurses and superiors having an open understanding of their colleagues who have been the victim of physical violence and establishing an organized system of prevention against such violence.