トランス男性・Xジェンダー当事者の妊娠・出産・産後の体験：半構造化面接による質的研究

Experience During Pregnancy, Childbirth, and at One Year Postpartum by Trans-Men and X-Gender Individuals: A Qualitative Research by Semi-Structured Interviews

要旨

　目的：女性と自認していない生物学的女性で出産を経験した者が，妊娠・出産・産後の体験をどのようにとらえ，感じ，考えていたのかを本人の語りを通して明らかにする．

　対象と方法：トランス男性（身体的には女性で性自認が男性），Xジェンダー（身体的には女性で性自認が女性でも男性でもない），かつ妊娠・出産し生児を得て授乳・子育て経験がある者に半構造化面接を行い，テーマ分析法で分析した．

　結果：6名の妊娠・出産・産後の体験の語りより【妊娠・出産した人生に対する心の揺らぎ】【妊娠・出産・産後の女性的なからだの変化に対する認識】【妊娠・出産・授乳をするのは女性，母親であるという一般的な性規範への不快感】【性自認の開示状況で異なる医療者との関係】の4テーマを抽出した．

　結論：看護者には，シスジェンダーに基づくケアを提供するだけでなく，多様な性を理解しこれらの人々へのケアのあり方を探究する姿勢が必要である．

　Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the perspectives of biological women who do not self-identify as women and have experienced childbirth regarding the physical and mental changes associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

　Participants and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with trans-men (biological female and self-identified as male) or X-gender individuals (biological female and self-identified as neither female nor male), and those who had experienced pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and childrearing. Thematic analysis was the chosen methodological approach.

　Result: Four themes were extracted from the narratives of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences of six participants; "emotional turmoil about life after pregnancy and childbirth," "awareness of physical changes as women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period ," "discomfort with the general gender norms that pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding are for women and mothers," and "different feelings arising from the relationship with the health care providers based on disclosure of gender identity."

　Conclusion: The present study suggests that midwives should provide care that is not only cisgender-based, but should also embrace a commitment to exploring ways in which they can care for diverse genders and sexualities.