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Polypoid and non-polypoid growth type of early colorectal cancer Tadakazu Shimoda 1 , Daisuke Aizawa 1 , Kinichi Hotta 2 , Takuma Ooishi 1 , Takashi Sugino 1 1Division of pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan 2Division of endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan Keyword: early colorectal cancer , polypoid and non- polypoid growth type , Depth of sm invasion pp.1052-1062
Published Date 2026/9/25
DOI https://doi.org/10.24479/endo.0000002819
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 Early-stage colorectal cancers can be classified into two types: the polypoid growth (PG) type, which forms a protrusion through elevated growth within the mucosa, and the non-polypoid growth (NPG) type, which presents as a flat or depressed lesion without forming a protrusion. The PG type frequently arises from a preceding adenoma (adenoma-carcinoma sequence) and macroscopically presents as type Is or IIa; in contrast, the NPG type develops as cancer *de novo* without an adenomatous precursor and is characterized by the tendency to invade the submucosa while the lesion is still small size. Regarding histological grade, the PG type progresses from carcinoma with low-grade to high-grade atypia, whereas the NPG type arises as high-grade atypia. For submucosal (SM) invasive cancers treated via endoscopic resection, the necessity for additional treatment is determined based on the depth of invasion. Measuring the depth of SM invasion requires confirming the presence or absence of intramucosal carcinoma. Even in cases where the muscularis mucosae has disappeared due to SM invasion, if residual intramucosal carcinoma is present, the true depth of SM invasion must be measured by excluding the intramucosal carcinoma component.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0915-3217 東京医学社

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