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Anatomy of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus Junya Oguma 1 , Koshiro Ishiyama 1 , Daisuke Kurita 1 , Kentaro Kubo 1 , Eigo Akimoto 1 , Daichi Utsunomiya 1 , Shota Igaue 1 , Ryoko Nozaki 1 , Yasuyuki Seto 1 , Hiroyuki Daiko 1 1Department of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Keyword: esophageal cancer , pharyngolarynx , regional lymph node pp.12-20
Published Date 2025/1/25
DOI https://doi.org/10.24479/endo.0000001816
  • Abstract
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 Since patients with esophageal cancer may have concurrent or metachronous head and neck cancers, endoscopic evaluation of the pharyngolarynx for them before and after treatment is essential. In addition, in cases with upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis or advanced upper esophageal cancer, it is useful to check for vocal cord paralysis before treatment in order to determine the treatment strategy. The landmarks of the organs surrounding the esophagus in endoscopic examination are the aortic arch and the left main bronchus, and these can be used to confirm the localization of the tumor. In addition, understanding the circumferential location of tumors in advanced cancer is important information in determining the resectability of cases diagnosed as cT3br by CT, so it is necessary to diagnose as accurately as possible.

 In the 12th edition of the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, the group classification of lymph nodes by location of their occupation has been abolished, and only regional lymph nodes that should be dissected are defined for lymph nodes. However, surgeons use the lymph node numbers defined for each lymph node region as a common language to perform standard procedures in radical surgery. As multidisciplinary treatments become more common, endoscopists need to understand the location of regional lymph nodes based on surgical anatomy.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0915-3217 東京医学社

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