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限局型小細胞肺癌(limited-stage small-cell lung cancer:LS-SCLC)に対する化学放射線療法(concurrent chemoradiotherapy:cCRT)後のデュルバルマブによる地固め免疫療法の有効性がADRIATIC試験により示され1),LS-SCLCの治療は新たな時代に入った。本稿では,LS-SCLCに対するこれまでのエビデンスを見直し,ADRIATIC試験を概説するとともに予防的全脳照射(prophylactic cranial irradiation:PCI)の意義や今後の展望について考察したい。また,デュルバルマブによる地固め免疫療法を施行した当院1例目の症例を最後に紹介する。
Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer has been treated mainly with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and accelerated hyperfractionation has been considered an important treatment approach. Recently, the phase Ⅲ ADRIATIC trial showed that durvalumab consolidation after concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved survival, suggesting a new standard treatment. However, several issues remain, including the timing of immunotherapy, optimal fractionation schedules, and the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation in the MRI era. We review previous evidence, recent findings, and future perspectives, and present our first case treated with durvalumab consolidation.

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