肝細胞癌

Hepatocellular carcinoma

肝細胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma：HCC）は，画像所見に基づき非侵襲的に確定診断が可能な数少ない悪性腫瘍である。肝硬変や慢性肝炎などの高リスク集団においては，造影CTもしくはMRIで認められる動脈相の早期濃染と門脈相または遅延相のwashoutを中心とする画像所見により，生検によらずHCCの診断に至ることが可能とされている。

This review summarizes the essential knowledge and recent updates in imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. HCC can be diagnosed noninvasively based on characteristic imaging findings. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System（LI-RADS）standardizes this diagnostic approach and improves diagnostic consistency and reproducibility. Recent updates, including LI-RADS v2024, further refine treatment response assessment. Currently, advances in systemic therapies, including molecular targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have influenced the treatment paradigm of HCC. Accordingly, there is a growing demand for radiologic approaches not only in diagnosis and treatment response evaluation, but also in predicting therapeutic efficacy.