特別養護老人ホームに転職した看護師のリアリティショックの様相

Reality Shock Experienced by Nurses Changing Place of Work to Special Nursing Homes for the Elderly

抄録

　本研究は，特別養護老人ホーム（以下，特養）に転職した看護師が体験したリアリティショックの様相を明らかにすることを目的とした．病院で看護経験はあるが，特養での常勤は初めてで，転職後2〜5年目の常勤看護師14人に半構成的個人面接を行った．結果として，11カテゴリー，3つの大カテゴリーが抽出された．特養に転職した看護師は，特養自体や特養の看護師の役割についてなにも知らないことが多く，特養の現実に直面し【転職後に感じたギャップへのとまどい】を感じていた．ギャップに対し【受け入れがたい特養の現実と価値観への反発】を感じ，ギャップを受け入れる過程で【看護師としてのアイデンティティの揺らぎ】という危機的な特有の反応を呈した．リアリティショックを生じやすい特養に転職する看護師に対し，インターンシップ制度の導入や先輩看護職による適切なフィードバック等のサポート体制を整える必要があることが示唆された．

　The present study aimed to clarify the aspects of reality shock experienced by nurses changing their place of work to special nursing homes for the elderly. A semi-structured individual interview of 14 full-time experienced nurses at a hospital was conducted. They worked as a full-time nurse there for the first time and were in their second to fifth year. From the interview, 11 categories, including 3 major categories, were extracted. Nurses who change their place of work to special nursing homes for the elderly are often unaware about their roles. They reported that they experienced “confusion with the gap that they felt after changing place of work” at special nursing homes for the elderly. They felt “Reality and values of unfamiliar nursing” within this gap. In the process of accepting the gap, “the fluctuation of the identity as a nurse” presented a particular crisis response. Therefore, it was suggested that nurses changing their place of work to special nursing homes for the elderly are prone to reality shock and that appropriate support systems, such as the introduction of an internship system, and appropriate feedback by senior nurses must be established to help such reality shock-prone nurses.