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要旨
外来化学療法看護は,がん治療の外来への移行に伴い期待が高まる一方,生活上の問題に踏みこんだ看護支援の不足が指摘されている.そこで本研究は,外来化学療法を受けるがん患者が生活の中で大切にしていることを支える看護プロセスを明らかにし,看護実践の示唆を得ることを目的とした.
研究参加者は,臨床経験5年以上,かつ外来化学療法看護経験1年以上の看護師とした.半構成的面接を実施し,修正版グラウンデッド・セオリーに基づいて分析を行った.研究参加者は14名であり,外来化学療法看護経験は平均3.5±1.7年であった.分析の結果,【その人らしくあるための生活を整える】をコアカテゴリとする看護プロセスが見出された.外来化学療法室看護師は,【生活の様子を感じとる】ことに始まり,患者の生活の様子を踏まえて【その人らしくあるための生活を整える】支援をする.さらに状況に応じて,その時々の患者の【揺らぐ思いにつきあう】関わりや,医療従事者間の【支援をつなぐ】役割を果たす.そして,自らの【看護を振り返る】.以上のプロセスは患者の病状や思いに添って変化する.
外来化学療法を受けるがん患者が生活の中で大切にしていることを看護師が支えるためには,患者の生活と化学療法の影響をあわせてその人の生活全体として捉えた看護支援が重要であることが示唆された.
The need of nursing support for outpatient chemotherapy is increasing with the shift from inpatient to outpatient settings. However, the lack of appropriate nursing support focusing on each patient's life-style issues has been pointed out. The purpose of this study was to identify appropriate nursing methods and processes which help chemotherapy patients pursue individually meaningful life-styles.
Our study subjects were 14 nurses with 5 years experience or more in clinical practice and 1 year or more (mean: 3.5 ± 1.7 years) in the outpatient chemotherapy unit. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the results were analyzed by the modified grounded theory approach.
From our results, we noted a core category of “assisting patients' lives according to their own sense of values”. Firstly, the nurses attempted to “sense the usual life-style of the patient”, and then tried to help “each patient maintain their usual life-style as much as possible”. Further, depending on the timing, nurses “expressed understanding of patient's unstable feeling”, and served as a “liaison between the professional support” of medical and co-medical staff members. Finally, nurses personally “reflect on the nursing care they provided”. The need for specific nursing processes varied depending on the individual patient's condition and feelings.
To properly cope with the needs of individual patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy, it is important to comprehensively consider the desired life-style of the patients, taking into account their usual life-styles and physiological effects of the chemotherapy.
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