子育て期のボンディングを予測する因子：妊娠期の夫婦関係からの検討

Factors Predicting Bonding During Child-Rearing: A Study From the Marital Relationships During Pregnancy

要旨

　目的：妊娠期の夫婦関係が子育て期のボンディングを予測するのかを明らかにすることを目的とする．

　方法：20歳以上の妊娠中の母親と父親11,910名（5,955組）に無記名自記式質問紙にて，妊娠期，産後1週，1か月，4か月に，基本属性，育児支援状況，夫婦関係，ボンディング，抑うつ等を尋ねた．独立変数を妊娠期の夫婦関係，従属変数を子育て期のボンディングとした階層的重回帰分析を行った．

　結果：回答が得られた母親172名，父親141名を分析対象とした．母親と父親の妊娠期の夫婦関係は，抑うつ等の影響を調整しても産後4か月のボンディングを予測していた（母親：β＝-0.210，p＜0.01，父親：β＝-0.199，p＜0.05）．

　結論：妊娠期の良好な夫婦関係は，産後4か月の良好なボンディングを予測することから，子育て期の良好なボンディング形成のために，妊娠期から夫婦関係が良好に保てるよう支援する必要がある．

　Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify whether the marital relationships during pregnancy predict bonding during child-rearing.

　Methods: We sent questionnaires to 11,910 pregnant mothers and fathers aged 20 years and older. The questionnaire consisted of the demographic data, Quality Marriage Index, Mother-to- Infant Bonding Questionnaire, and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. The survey periods were pregnancy, one week after childbirth, one month after childbirth, and four months after childbirth. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed with bonding four months after childbirth as the dependent variable to clarify whether the marital relationship of each mother and father predicts bonding.

　Results: We enrolled 172 mothers and 141 fathers who answered all the items of the questionnaire. The marital relationships during pregnancy predicted the bonding of mothers and fathers during four months after childbirth, even after considering depression (Mothers: β＝-0.210, p＜0.01, Fathers: β＝-0.199, p＜0.05).

　Conclusion: The findings revealed that a good marital relationship during pregnancy is a contributing factor to the formation of good bonding during the four months after childbirth, and suggested the necessity of a good marital relationship during pregnancy.