小児がんの子ども・家族に関わる看護師のストレッサー尺度の開発

Development of the Stressor Scale for Pediatric Oncology Nurses

要旨

　目的：小児がんの子ども・家族に関わる看護師が看護実践する上でのストレッサーを測定する尺度を開発する．

　方法：表面・内容妥当性を検討し，59項目の尺度原案を作成し，信頼性・妥当性を検証した．対象は看護師1,246名で質問紙調査である．分析は，内的一貫性の検証にクロンバックα係数を算出した．構成概念妥当性の検証に探索的因子分析を行い，その因子構造確認に確認的因子分析を行った．

　結果：有効回答469部であった．項目分析，探索的因子分析より5下位尺度20項目の尺度を作成した．クロンバックα係数は高く，外部基準は職務満足尺度との相関はなかったが，日本版バーンアウト尺度は正の相関を認めた．モデル適合はCFI = .925，GFI = .882，AGFI = .844，RMSEA = .075であった．

　結論：信頼性・妥当性は良好だったが，基準関連妥当性は課題が残った．

　Objective: To develop a scale for measuring stressors for nurses involved in children with pediatric oncology and their families, and to examine its reliability and validity.

　Method: The constructs of the scale were defined and the items were selected from the literature. The surface validity and content validity were examined. Based on the results, the items were modified to create a draft scale of 59 items, and the reliability and validity of the draft scale were verified. A total of 1,246 nurses were asked to complete the questionnaire survey and the results were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach's α, correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.

　Results: There were 469 valid responses. The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis created a scale of 5 subscales and 20 items. Cronbach's α was high. The external criteria did not correlate with the job satisfaction scale of nurses working in hospitals but were positively correlated with the Japanese burnout scale. Model fits were as follows: comparative fit index (CFI) = .925, goodness of fit index (GFI) = .882, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = .844, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .075.

　Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the scale were generally good, but there remained issues regarding criteria-related validity.