小児専門病院における医師と看護師の協働の態度に関連する個人要因

Personal Factors Related to the Attitude toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration in Children's Hospitals

要旨

　目的：小児専門病院での医師−看護師間の協働の態度に関連する個人要因を検討した．

　方法：医師と看護師に無記名自記式質問紙を郵送し，臨床経験年数，医師−看護師間の協働の態度（JSAPNC），協働によるリスク・ベネフィットの認識，ファミリーセンタードケアの実践（MPOC-SP）などを調査した．

　結果：233名から調査票を回収し，医師70名，看護師132名を分析対象とした．JSAPNC合計点を目的変数とした重回帰分析の結果，医師は協働による患者リスク軽減の認識とMPOC-SP得点が，看護師はそれらに加え臨床経験年数も有意となった．

　結論：小児専門病院での医師−看護師間の協働の態度の向上には，協働による患者リスク軽減の認識を高め，ファミリーセンタードケアを推進する必要がある．看護師では小児専門病院の看護師としての専門性を発揮できるような早期の介入も求められる．

　Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate physicians' and nurses' attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration in children's hospitals and to identify personal factors related to such attitudes.

　Methods: A survey was conducted in two children's hospitals. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted to compare the attitudes between physicians and nurses using the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC). We adopted several attributes as personal factors related to the attitude toward collaboration: clinical experience, perceived risks and benefits regarding the collaboration, the Measure of Process Care for Service Provide (MPOCSP), and so on.

　Results: A total of 233 questionnaires were gathered and 202 questionnaires from 70 physicians and 132 nurses were used for the analyses. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the risk perception regarding the collaboration and the MPOC-SP score were related to the JSAPNC score for both physicians and nurses. Additionally, in the nurse group, the years of clinical experience were also related to the JSAPNC score.

　Conclusion: To develop positive attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration, it may be important to increase awareness of its effects on avoiding patient risks, and to be practiced familycentered care. Nurses need education and training to develop confidence as pediatric nurse professionals from the beginning of employment.