家族介護における介護行動及び介護者のQOLに関する研究―介護行動スケールの開発とその信頼性・妥当性の検討

A Study of Caregiving and Quality of Life in Family Care：Development of a Caregiving Scale and Examination of its Reliability and Validity

要旨

　本研究は，介護の実態及び介護行動，介護者のQOLに影響する要因を明らかにし，介護行動スケールの信頼性・妥当性の検討を行うことを目的とした．訪問看護ステーションによるサービスを利用している介護者105人を対象として介護者のインフォーマル・ソーシャルサポート，介護者の自己効力感，介護者と要介護者の関係性，介護行動，介護者のQOL等に関して訪問面接調査を実施し，分析を行った．

　その結果，調査対象者が介護する家族の要介護度は重度な者が多かった．介護行動を規定する要因として，介護者と要介護者の関係性と正の有意な関連が，要介護度と負の有意な関連がみられた．介護者のQOLを規定する要因としては，介護者の健康状態と負の有意な関連がみられた．介護者の自己効力感，介護者のインフォーマル・ソーシャルサポートに関するオリジナルスケールは，それぞれ信頼性が確認された．介護行動スケールは，適切な因子構造を持ち，その内容的妥当性や信頼性が支持されたことから，介護者が提供している介護内容及び配慮しなければならない点を十分反映しており，実用に向けての可能性が示唆された．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to develop a caregivig scale and to examine factors affecting caregiving and QOL in family care. In order to investigate the actual situation of caregiving and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale, an interview survey was conducted with 105 persons who had been caring their family members using home-visit nursing care service. The results are as follows: The level of care need of those who were cared by the interviewees were high for the most part. The quality of caregiving was significantly correlated with the relationship between caregivers and those in need of nursing care, and it also had a significant negative correlation with the condition of those in need of nursing care. QOL of caregivers had a significant negative correlation with health condition of themselves. The reliability of original scales of caregiving, caregivers' self-efficacy and informal social support for the caregivers were proved. Structural analysis of the caregiving scale showed that this scale consisted of four factors: direct care factor, self-support factor, prevention of accidents and bedsores factor and water intake support factor. The caregiving scale was proved reliable and sub factors of the scale possessed higher validity and represented the situation of family care.