中国・吉林省長春市において出産後の女性が家族に期待する支援

Degree of Family Support Expected by Changchun Chinese Women during the Postpartum Period

要旨

中国・吉林省長春市において出産後の女性が家族に期待する支援内容を明らかにすることを目的に，中国人女性11名に面接し，継続的比較分析を行った．その結果，出産後の女性たちは，〔冷え予防〕や〔安静の保持〕，〔特別な食事〕に関する【順調な健康回復に向けた支援】，衣食住全般にわたる〔身の回りの世話〕とともに，特別な教育を受けた〔産後の健康・育児に関する専門知識や技術〕，この産後の時期に特有である女性の揺れ動く〔情緒の安定〕に向けた支援といった【育児生活全般にわたる心身両面に対する支援】を望んでいた．これらの支援の具体的な方法について，女性たちは【西洋的慣習と伝統的な慣習が共存した支援】と【自分なりに理由づけし納得して受ける支援】を求めていた．そして，これらの支援の前提として，産後の女性たちは，産後は〔女性の健康において非常に重要な時期〕であるため〔褥婦は大切に扱われる存在〕と考え，この時期に家族から受ける支援を【受けて当然の支援】と捉えていた．以上のことから，日本で妊娠・出産を経験する中国人女性と日本人家族との関係構築に向けた看護支援への示唆を得た．

Abstract

　The present study was conducted to clarify the degree of family support expected by Changchun Chinese women during the postpartum period. I interviewed eleven such Chinese women, collected the data, and subjected them to continuous comparative analysis.

　The results showed that women after birth were expecting “support for recovery of health”, which included “cold prevention,”“adequate rest,”and “special meals.”Furthermore, they hoped for “mental and physical support with all aspects of child care,”which included three subcategories：“taking care of personal needs with regard to food, clothing, and housing,” “knowledge and skill concerning health and child care after childbirth,”and “emotional stability.” Specific requirements for provision of support included “adoption of Western customs together with traditional customs”and “support that was satisfactory and well received.”With regard to the reasons why the women considered support was necessary, there was a consensus that the postpartum period was an extremely important time for a woman's health, and that a woman wished to feel as though she were valued after childbirth. Therefore, support received from the family at this time was considered a “natural right.”

　These findings suggest that for Chinese women the postpartum period is very important, requiring both mental and physical support. Moreover, I propose that support for such women should include both Western and traditional customs, and that the degree of support should be perceived as satisfactory by the recipient.