産業精神保健における作業療法士の役割と参入上の課題の検討

Examining the role of occupational therapists in occupational mental health and challenges to entering the profession

要旨：産業精神保健領域における作業療法士の役割を明らかにし，参入上の課題を検討した．実践者である作業療法士8名に面接調査を行い，Berelsonの内容分析を用いた．精神・心理面への働きかけ，労働者を取り巻く人的・物的環境への働きかけ，メンタルヘルスや障害に関する啓蒙・研修，活動に焦点をあてた働きかけ，対象者のアセスメント，周辺領域の知識・技術に基づく対応，心身両面を重要視した働きかけ，専門知識・技術を総動員した実践の8カテゴリが生成された．実践者は，作業療法士の得意な視点やアプローチ方法を取り入れていることが考えられた．参入には，労働衛生に関する関連法規等の知識面などにおける課題が考えられた．

This study clarified the roles of occupational therapists in the field of occupational mental health and examined issues related to therapists'entry into the profession. Eight practicing occupational therapists were interviewed, and utilizing Berelson content analysis, eight categories were generated: mental and psychological aspects, the human and physical environment surrounding the worker, awareness of and training on mental health and disabilities, activities, subject assessment, knowledge and skills in peripheral areas, emphasizing both mental and physical aspects, and mobilizing all professional knowledge and skills. These categories indicated that practitioners incorporated occupational therapists' specialized perspectives and approaches. Becoming practitioners was challenging in terms of knowledge of related laws and regulations concerning occupational health.