精神科医療・福祉従事者における作業的不公正と包括的職業性ストレスとの関連—横断研究

Occupational injustice and job stress: A cross-sectional study of mental health workers in Japan

要旨：作業的公正の視点から労働者の健康と職場環境を是正する支援は，産業保健分野における作業療法の新しい役割と期待されるが，そのニーズは不明である．精神科医療・福祉従事者における作業的不公正の統計的実態と職業性ストレスとの関係性を明らかにすることを目的に，北関東のある医療法人の全職員466名に質問紙調査を実施した．測定は作業的公正質問紙と新職業性ストレス簡易調査票を使用した．385名が回答し，各不公正状態を明確に感じている人は0.5割〜1割程度，軽度まで含めると2〜3割程度が存在すること，また不公正は職業性ストレスの多くの側面と相関し，不公正状態が強い人ほど職業性ストレスも全般的に不良の傾向が見られた．

　Intervention supporting workers and organizations for achieving occupational justice is expected to be a new responsibility of industrial occupational therapy. However, there are few quantitative studies on occupational injustice among mental health workers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate statistical information of occupational injustice and the relationship between occupational injustice and work-related stress among mental health workers. We conducted a questionnaire on all employees of a certain medical corporation near the Tokyo metropolitan area of Japan and received 385 responses (recovery rate 82.6%). The Occupational Justice Questionnaire and the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire were used for measurement. The results indicated that less than 10% of workers experienced injustice (deprivation 4.6%, alienation 5.2%, imbalance 4.7%, marginalization 4.2-6.0% and general unfairness 8.8%). Injustice was also associated with many aspects of work-related stress, and the level of injustice showed a positive correlation with the level of work-related stress. We expect the results of the present study to contribute to the development of industrial occupational therapy in Japan.