地域で暮らす精神障害を有する人の作業に焦点を当てたニーズ調査―幸せな人生を作業で描く─

Occupational needs of people with mental illness living in the community: Achieving a happy life through occupation

要旨：地域で暮らす精神障害を有した人を対象に，作業に焦点を当てたニーズ調査を実施した．対象者は，主観的に幸せな人生を実現するために，一日の時間の使い方と作業選択のコントロールへのニーズを抱き，作業に従事しながら様々な意味を求め，その意味を達成しようと工夫しながら生活していた．また，その体験を通じ，自己の状況に気付き，問題解決などのためにすべきことを理解し，学ぶ過程があり，自身の幸せな人生像を徐々に見出すことを可能にしていた．対象者が意味を実現する作業従事を通じて，幸せにつながる作業像を具体化し，その実現に必要なニーズを見出しながら作業療法士が介入することへの重要性が示唆された．

　We investigated occupational needs of people with mental illness living in the community. The results showed that the informants needed to manage time and control their occupational choices. In addition, the subjects wanted to acquire various meanings for their existence, and devised methods to findmeaning in theirlives. Through their experiences, informants became aware of their condition and discovered what they had to do to solve problems. Through the learning processes, the informants gradually fulfilled themselves through finding a vision for their own happy living. Occupational therapists need to support clients to realize meaning in their lives through engaging in occupations, shaping their occupational vision and discovering various needs.