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KANGO-KENKYU Volume 29, Issue 1 （February 1996）

看護研究 29巻1号（1996年2月発行）

Japanese English

原著論文

痴呆性老人と介護者の家庭における相互作用の構造 Interpersonal Interactions Between Demented Elders and Family Caregivers in their Homes 太田喜久子 ¹ Kikuko OTA ¹ ¹聖路加看護大学 ¹St, Luke's College of Nursing キーワード：痴呆性老人 , 介護者 , 相互作用 , 痴呆性老人の体験世界 , グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ , demented elders , family caregivers , interactions , the living experience of the demented elders , grounded theory approach Keyword: 痴呆性老人 , 介護者 , 相互作用 , 痴呆性老人の体験世界 , グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ , demented elders , family caregivers , interactions , the living experience of the demented elders , grounded theory approach pp.71-82

発行日 1996年2月15日 Published Date 1996/2/15

DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1681900333

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はじめに

　わが国において高齢者人口の増大と共に痴呆性老人の増加が指摘されている。痴呆性老人の7割以上は家庭で生活し，その妻または夫，嫁や娘が介護を行なっている。

　痴呆性老人と介護者の関係については，家族の何気ない態度が痴呆による症状の表れを強めたり，逆に症状を緩和することがあるため，家族の日常的態度が重要であると言われている。（室伏，1990；Ory, et al.，1985）しかし，具体的にどのような関わりがどのように影響しているのか十分に明らかにされているとは言えない。

　The objective of this study was to clarify the actual status of interactions performed at home between demented elders and their family caregivers. An inductive qualitative study was conducted by using a grounded theory approach.

　Subjects were 25 elderly individuals with dementia of Alzheimer type, and 28 caregivers in their family. The study was performed using the participant observatin and interviews in their homes.

　Based on a constant comparative analysis, results revealed the levels of “certainty” and “maintenance of self” of the elders as core variables in interactions between the elders and the caregivers. Characteristic interactions were found to fall into three categories. The interactions in Category 1 showed caregiver's persistence in potential “certainty” of the demented elders. Category 2 was the interactions when the uncertainty of demented elders was unquestionable, and category 3 was interactions when certainty of demented elders was clear. In the category 1, subcategories named “looking for the holes”, “digging the holes” and “filling in the holes” were found. In the category 2, phenomena named “protection”, “friction”, “harmony” and “resistance” were observed. And the category 3 contained “equality.” The researcher examined and clarified behavioral characteristics, the backgrounds, topics and the results of the interactions as components of each subcategory.

　The triggers the transition of categories of the interactions were examined. This study also treated the differences produced according the levels of dementia and role relations of the caregivers for each category.

　This study revealed a part of actual interactions between the demented elders and their caregivers, and a part of the world which demented elders may experience in interaction with their caregivers.