モンラッド-クローン—ノルウェーの臨床神経学者

Monrad-Krohn: A Norwegian Neurologist

モンラッド-クローンは20世紀前半に活躍した北欧を代表する臨床神経学者である。彼の神経学領域における畢生の研究はベッドサイドにおける神経徴候の観察・分析・病態解析であった。200に達する論文の多くはノルウェー語で書かれたために，日本人にはやや馴染みが少ない。しかし，背理性表情過多や韻律障害の徴候は，モンラッド-クローンの冠名徴候として知られている。彼が1921年に最初ノルウェー語で著わした『神経系の診察』はその後多くの西欧語版が出版され，版を重ね，広く世界中で愛読された。

Abstract

Monrad-Krohn was born in Bergen and is a representative of Scandinavian neurologists. From 1912 to 1917, he studied clinical neurology in Paris and London. During his stay there, he was intensely influenced by several eminent neurologists, such as Dejerine, Marie, Babinski, Souques, Horsley, Stewart, and Wilson. He fulfilled his duties as a professor of neurology at the University of Oslo (Rikshospitalet) for four decades. One of his students, Sigvald Bernhard Refsum, succeeded him in 1959. Monrad-Krohn was interested in reflexology, language, and facial innervation. A peculiar phenomenon, paradoxical emotional hypermimia, is known as the Monrad-Krohn sign. He also coined the word dysprosody as a definite neurological sign. His masterpiece "The Clinical Examination of the Nervous System" made him world famous. It had a great reputation as an outstanding textbook of neurological examination, was translated into many languages, and went through several editions.