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視覚的注意は,厳しい処理制限を持つ脳が膨大な視覚情報の処理を効率的に処理するための心的メカニズムである。これまで実験心理学の分野で多くの研究知見が蓄積され,また認知神経科学の分野でも非常に注目されているトピックスである。本稿は,その膨大な研究知見を整理し,現在わかっている視覚的注意の性質を,注意が「何に対して向けられるか」と「どのように向けられるか」に着目して概説する。
Abstract
Given the vast amount of visual information in visual scenes, the capacity of our brain to processes such scenes is severely limited. The core mechanism of selection is referred to as visual attention, and it has been the topic of intense investigation for over 25 years in experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Visual attention is not a single, unitary mechanism, but consists of multiple subcomponents. Attention can be directed to various aspects of visual information, such as spatial location, features, or objects. Additionally, attention is guided by external factors such as the salience of stimuli, or whether we are able to move our attention volitionally. The purpose of this article is to review the status of these components of attentional guidance and how they interact with each other, with an emphasis on psychophysical studies.
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