脳腫瘍全国集計調査報告に基づく脳腫瘍統計の現状と動向

The Present Status and Trend of Brain Tumors Based on the Data of the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan

はじめに

　CT，MRIなどの非侵襲的検査が普及し，以前に比べ脳腫瘍の診断は，より安全で容易になったといえる。これらすべての脳腫瘍を登録し，国内におけるデータベースを構築することは容易ではないが，国内での発生頻度，予後などを把握するうえでは，是非とも実施しなければならない作業といえる。1970年代から実施されている脳腫瘍全国集計調査は，その一端を担っており，貴重なデータとなっている。本稿では，米国で行われている調査報告結果と対比し，国内での脳腫瘍の現状について概括する。

Abstract

　The Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (BTRJ) was founded in 1974 to investigate the statistical data of brain tumors in Japan. The 12^th edition of the report was published as a supplement of the official journal of the Japan Neurosurgical Society,Neurologia medico-chirurgica,in October 2009. It contains the statistical data of 82,844 patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors registered between 1984 and 2000. The data represent the statistics of brain tumors such as the frequency and the anatomical distribution,patient age and sex,and survival rate in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) era. Among the registered cases,65,677 were primary brain tumors. Meningioma was the most frequent,and it accounted for 27.1%,followed by glioma (26.6%),pituitary adenoma (18.2%),and schwannoma (10.5%). Among the patients who were under the age of 15 years the most frequent tumor was glioma (57.2%),while meningioma accounted for 46.3% among those over the age of 70 years. Compared with the data of the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States,glioma and meningioma were less frequent and pituitary adenoma and germ cell tumors were much more frequent in Japan. Both statistical registries showed that the frequency of benign brain tumors tends to increase and that of malignant tumors has decreased. In 2009,the BTRJ started the on-line registration,and most cases of brain tumors can be registered with the cooperation of all neurosurgeons in Japan.