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Ⅰ.はじめに
慢性硬膜下血腫は,脳神経外科の日常診療において最も遭遇する頻度の高い疾患の1つである.その疫学に関しては,現在においても1975年のFoelholmらのHelsinki研究2)がしばしば引用されているが,発生頻度1つをとっても人口10万人あたり年間1.7人と,今日の臨床経験から得られる印象とは大きくかけ離れたものになっている.本邦においては,約20年前の淡路島研究の報告7)があるのみで,以降の慢性硬膜下血腫の疫学報告は皆無である.慢性硬膜下血腫は高齢者に好発する疾患としても知られるが1,2,7),本邦の急速な高齢化とそれに伴う社会環境の変化は,慢性硬膜下血腫の疫学に大きな影響を与え得ることは想像に難くない.
宮城頭部外傷研究会では,1996年より入院設備を擁する宮城県内すべての脳神経外科施設で頭部外傷入院症例の多施設共同登録事業4-6)を行っており,宮城県内で受傷・入院した各種頭部外傷例について,ほぼ全症例の把握が可能である.そこで今回われわれは,宮城頭部外傷研究会多施設共同登録調査から成人慢性硬膜下血腫の疫学について調査・研究したので報告する.
Background and Purpose: The Japanese population is aging faster than any other population in the world,affecting the epidemiology of which frequently occurs in the elderly. In this study,the epidemiological aspect of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is investigated,using data of the Miyagi Traumatic Head Injury Registry Project.
Patients and Methods: From January 2005 to December 2007, 1,445 patients with CSDH were registered in the project (M:F=1,021:424, mean age 71.2±12.8 y.o.). Using these patient's records, the incidence of CSDH was investigated, as well as causes of head injury, severity, and outcome.
Results: The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. Ground level fall was the most frequent cause of trauma in the elderly, in contrast to traffic accident, which was the most frequent cause in the younger generation. Compared to the younger generation, neurological condition was severer in the elderly at the time of admission, and the outcome was poorer at the time of discharge.
Conclusion: Compared to previous reports,this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH. Not only population aging but also current medical trends (such as increases of the elderly patients who receive hemodialysis,anticoagulant,and/or antiplatelet therapy) may influence the increase of CSDH incidence.
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