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BRAIN and NERVE Volume 63, Issue 1 （January 2011）

BRAIN and NERVE 63巻1号（2011年1月発行）

Japanese English

総説

認知と運動の統合過程を支える神経基盤 Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Integration of Perception and Action 星英司 ¹ , 中山義久 ¹ , 山形朋子 ¹ , 佐賀洋介 ¹ , 橋本雅史 ¹ , 有村奈利子 ¹ , 丹治順 ¹ Eiji Hoshi ¹ , Yoshihisa Nakayama ¹ , Tomoko Yamagata ¹ , Yosuke Saga ¹ , Masashi Hashimoto ¹ , Nariko Arimura ¹ , Jun Tanji ¹ ¹玉川大学脳科学研究所 ¹Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute キーワード： apraxia , sensorimotor integration , reaching movement , premotor cortex , prefrontal cortex , primary motor cortex Keyword: apraxia , sensorimotor integration , reaching movement , premotor cortex , prefrontal cortex , primary motor cortex pp.59-68

発行日 2011年1月1日 Published Date 2011/1/1

DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100817

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はじめに

　ヒトで発達した高次脳機能の主要特徴の1つは，多様な情報を関連づける能力である。認知情報と運動情報を統合する過程は，こうした情報処理を必要とするので，これを支える神経メカニズムを解析することは，ヒト脳の機能的基盤を理解するにあたって重要な洞察を与える。本稿では，前頭葉外側面を中心としたネットワークを構成する領野が認知と運動の統合過程において果たすさまざまな役割を具体的に解説したうえで，仮想的レベルならびに物理的動作レベルの情報表現という観点からさまざまな知見を統一的に説明することを試みる。こうした新しい視点は，健常時の脳機能に深い理解をもたらすだけでなく，失行，麻痺，不随意運動，運動失調などの病態メカニズムを説明するための基盤を提供し，基礎研究と臨床応用の重要な接点となることが期待される。

Abstract

　The hallmark of higher-order brain functions is the ability to integrate and associate diverse sets of information in a flexible manner.　Thus,fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms underlying of information in the brain can be obtained by examining the neural mechanisms involved in the generation of an appropriate motor command based on perceived sensory signals.　In this review article,we have focused on the involvement of the neuronal networks centered at the lateral aspect of the frontal cortex in the process of motor selection and motor planning based on visual signals.　We have initially discussed the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in integrating multiple sets of visual signals to select a reach target and the participation of the premotor cortex in retrieving and integrating diverse sets of motor information,such as where should one reach out or which arm is to be used.　Next,based on the results of the studies on ideomotor apraxia,we have hypothesized that there are at least 2 distinct levels of neural representation (virtual level and physical level).　We have reviewed the evidence supporting the operation of 2 distinct classes of neuronal activities corresponding to these 2 levels.　In conclusion,we propose that the frontal cortex initially processes information across sensory and motor domains at the virtual level to generate information about a forthcoming motor action (virtual action plan) and that this information is subsequently transformed into a motor command,such as muscle activity or movement direction,for an actual body movement at the physical level (physical motor plan).　This proposed framework may be useful for explaining the diverse clinical conditions caused by brain lesions as well as for clarifying the neural mechanisms underlying the integration of perception and action.